Renal diseases refer to any condition that affects the kidneys, impairing their function. These diseases can range from mild to severe and can be caused by a variety of factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, genetic factors, and chronic conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. Common renal diseases include chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, and kidney cancer. Treatment for renal diseases often includes medication, lifestyle changes, dialysis, and in severe cases, kidney transplant. Early detection and management of renal diseases are crucial in preventing further damage to the kidneys and maintaining overall health.